WING CHUN 
The
Wing Chun (Chinese: 永春, pinying: yǒng chun, Eternal Spring - are also used with other characters sound the same: and 泳 春 咏 春) is a style of kung fu-derived system Shaolinquan (Siu Lam in Cantonese pronunciation) in southern China. It is a Kung Fu style of southern China and has some typical styles of this geographic area (Nanquan). The name is an abbreviation of Wing Chun Kuen (永春 拳, Boxing Eternal Spring) and is transliterated in various ways by different federations, but in spite of the same or similar name, there are often significant differences in the interpretation of certain principles
Legend and history
Legend has it that Wing Chun Kuen has been conceived by the Buddhist nun Ng Mui (五 枚 or 五 梅, Wu Mei in Pinyin) around the second half of the seventeenth century, after escaping the destruction of the Shaolin monastery (SiuLam in reality as it is the southern most recent temple built after the destruction of the most famous Shaolin said properly the province of Henan, northern China). Historically, however, on the basis of some original writings Shaolin monks are held by descendants of the original 1600 who fled the United States and absolutely neutral in the matter Wing Chun, many agree that its creation as supreme style by putting together the best of the knowledge of Shaolin martial / SiuLam and temples / orders associated to create the ultimate weapon against the ruling Qing Dynasty and then guilty of the destruction of Shaolin .
According to legend, the style is named after the first student of Ng Mui, Yim Wing Chun (严咏春, Yan Yongchun in Pinyin), coded and reorganization of the style at the temple of the province of Kwantung (Guangdong). For another oral tradition, however, since it is claimed that the style had been expressly designed to fight the Manchu (Qing Dynasty), it seems that he was used the name "Wing Chun" as that term had a symbolic meaning for the revolutionaries. Yim Wing Chun is a character of pure fantasy, since it does not appear in any way in the documentation for the birth of Shaolin and Wing Chun, perhaps itself part of the symbolism associated with the name. Others argue that the best practitioners of Chinese martial time they had met to combine their knowledge and experience in one martial art: the room where the continuation of these studies was called Wing Chun (Eternal Spring "), to symbolize the ' eternal evolution of martial arts.
versions are different on the emergence of Yongchunquan, another story Yan wants Yongchun (Yim Wing Chun), during the reign of the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing, Liancheng County in Fujian, has created the style, starting from the teachings of their father, He Yan (严 四) who was a lay disciple of Shaolinquan. Following Yongchun Yan Liang was going to marry Bota, Jiangxi and together they would be transferred to Zhaoqing in Guangdong
Long time, reality and legend
The next steps are somewhat conflicting in different versions, so it should all be reviewed and compared. It is said that after the death of Yim Wing Chun, the style passed into the hands of Leung Bok Chau (Liang Bo Chou, Liang Bochou), che lo insegnò a Leung Lai Kwai (Lianglan Gui, Liang Langui) e Wong Wa Po (Huang Po, Huang Huabao). Entrambi facevano parte di un gruppo operistico ambulante, conosciuto come "Il gruppo della barca del giunco \u200b\u200brosso "(Xi yu hong chuan zhongren jiejiao hi and make human red boat), gruppo che viveva su una barca in Foshan (Foshan, Fat Shan), nel XIX secolo circa.
Si racconta che anche Chi Shin (Zhishan Chanshi perfection Zen Master, ma si trova anche Jee Sim);, altro monaco scampato all'assalto delle truppe della dinastia Qing assieme a Ng Mui, entrò a far part of the company and it was he who taught Leung Yee Tai, Wong Wa Po's best friend and another member of the Red Rush, the techniques of Shaolin stick. Wong and Leung tried to adapt what is learned to their own style and that was how they were introduced in Wing Chun, which according to some reconstructions, which until then included only the indistinct use of bare hands and butterfly knives (蝴蝶 双刀, Hudie Shuangdao) as needed.
Leung Yee Tai One day he fell ill and had to go to the doctor Leung Jan (梁赞, Liang Zan 1828-1901), expert in martial arts, which eventually passed the basics of Wing Chun. Leung Jan became an exceptional combatant and held many meetings (remember that at the time agreed the meetings were often real challenges with no rules and that sometimes only the winner survives), and never be defeated, and has become popular in southern China by the nickname "King of Wing Chun ", thereby disclosing the style. They were also his two famous sons: Bi Liang (梁 璧) and Liang Chunjo (梁春 皆). Among his students are: Chan Wah Sun (陈华顺, Chen Huashun), Ruan Qishan (阮 其 山), Wu Shaolei (吴少 雷), etc..
parallel to each other in different period of time there were also the teachers and Yuen Kai Fung Siu Ching Shan, who gave birth to their own current by providing a basis for other later born, for example, the first current "Chi Sim" born in Hong Kong more or less in the middle 20. century, while the second to her namesake, in part, to Yip Man (叶 问, Ye Wen, 1893-1972), in large part to the Mai Gei Wong etc.
There is another completely different version of history. He argues that the style has been brought in the south of China Wu Cheung (张 五, Zhang Wu), a teacher known as Tan Sao Ng (摊手 五, Tanshou Wu, famous precisely for its tansao , fundamental technique). The story also says that this teacher has made its appearance 100 years before Yim Wing Chun, especially since his exploits are recounted in a book on Chinese theater in the City Hall of Hong Kong: he speaks of as a musician, actor and martial arts expert. He was then according to this version to teach Wing Chun to the Red Rush.
From this point on, the various versions are more things in common: they came to Leung Jan, who taught the style to Sun Wah Chan (陈华顺, Chen Huashun), a master Yip Man, who taught part of the program Bruce Lee who became known as the America of the sixties, holding technical and conceptual core of his Jeet Kune Do . In the West Wing Chun was mostly school students taught by Yip Man, most notably in the commercial sense especially Ting Leung (a student of a student of Master Leung Sheung, a student of Yip Man, the founder of Wing Tsun, which has registered the mark), giving way the treatment of style as a mark, encouraging the proliferation of schools that teach the same art on paper, with a different name, pronounced identically, but with different techniques often abysmal. Even today, the meaning of the name remains somewhat uncertain, many consider that the meaning is literally "the Radiant Spring Boxing", but recent studies show that the first Westerners to write such a translation was just the same Yip Man and other currents in the Wing Chun was known instead as "Boxing Eternal Spring", complete with a slightly different but the same ideogram reading.
Also in the line of Sun Wah Chan are to be announced Peng Nan (彭 南) and his student Guangjiu Han (韩 广 玖) that are important players in today's Wing Chun in Foshan . (Chan Wah Sun -> Chen Rujin 陈汝 锦 -> Jiu Zhao 招 就 -> Peng Nan 彭 南 -> Guangjiu Han 韩 广 玖)
style
While finding its origins mainly in animal styles of Shaolin (Wuxingquan) in Wing Chun there are no explicit references to the animal world, but everything is related to a "new" entity, the human being. Typical peculiarities and specialization of Wing Chun is the "contact", or use of tactile and kinesthetic action, intention and biomechanics attacking at close range. In this case, attacks and defenses, actions and reactions are studied "hearing" the enemy to us in touch, usually with arms and initially, but then also with legs, shoulders, chest and whole body reactions during the combat in contact become geometrically more instinctive and logical but most rapid, a much greater extent than they would be in relation to a purely visual stimulus. Of course all this combines in a homogeneous and as needed with the non-contact fighting, not for nothing that Wing Chun is also called "Chinese Boxing" .
There are no "moves" or "tricks" are created by combining the technical bases unconsciously as needed. The individual techniques are not so numerous: the idea, a bit 'as in Western boxing, Muay Thay etc. is "minimum effort - maximum effect", ie the reactions can be more universal and therefore less need of "tools" as possible, from here the dictum that every technique in Wing Chun is but the deformation of only a handful and is a valuable tool to the extent that it is the application of principles taught by the exercises of the body style.
movements are aesthetically unattractive and not at all acrobatic. Are minimized, making the most of their energies are amplified and transmitted from the proper leverage provided by the right use of our body. There are no fantasies such as flying kicks, screams or mystical and esoteric practices nebulae, just total convenience supported by continuous training. Unlike other schools trying to instill ethical and moral philosophies (Wude ), the wingchun, in contrast to the Shaolin tradition which claims to come, send only the understanding of the need for continuous training, the true path to mastery of any activity. In fact, a good translation of "Kung Fu" can be "skill" or "hard work".
in the collective imagination, typical of Wing Chun punches are the chain: fists of vertical, ie parallel to the back of the hand of the body, taken in rapid succession aiming to follow the opponent hitting it repeatedly until it is able to resist. However, the Wing Chun covers virtually all types of punches, systematically trained to be functional that is in contact at a greater distance, with a more dynamic use of the arms often called "whip", which allows the arm to download power from the body in any position. Also with regard to the kicking, in reality this is far more than it seems, while applications are usually used for low to medium height, although in some situations, nothing prevents a kick to the face, altezzache is still coached for reasons of operation.
The traditional weapons of Wing Chun are the stick (gun), the shape Look Dim Poon Kwan (六点 半 棍, pinyin Liu dian ban gun) and butterfly knives in the shape Bart Cham Dao (八 斩 刀, Bazhandao). In schools of Wing Chun incomplete study of arms is not typically limited to more advanced levels according to their vision as the unarmed combat is considered far more important than concrete, but in reality, at least for the current Yip Man , the weapons are not considered as such but used as a systematic enhancement through specific exercises of style as early as the second form, Chum Kiu. Subsequently, the forms devoted to them, they are actually levels of refinement around the Wing Chun practiced until then.
Wing Chun Kung Fu is a style particularly suited to self defense, just for its peculiar characteristics. Different bodies in the world of public safety or the use and exercise training in this style (NOCS esempioo and FBI). Wing Chun schools themselves usually put special emphasis on the topics of self-defense, without neglecting the most purely attack, in shape (Taolu) and healthy practice.
The principles of Wing Chun
The eight principles of the Wing Chun system to create an aggressive defense that can immediately adapt to the movements, the force and how to fight an aggressor. These principles are simple estrememnte. Nevertheless require years of practice in the forms Wing Chun, the Luk Sao, Chi Sao and especially in Sao Go in with a teacher prepared to allow the body to acquire these reflexes and understand their applications in real situations. Besides the eight
hesitated other equally fundamental principles:
- The principle of the Central Line . (Zhengwuxian yuanli, 正午 线 原理)
File: 午 线. Jpg
- The principle of simultaneous attack and defense .
- The principle of the wedge.
- The principle of "continuous burst" .
- The principle of spring.
- The principle of the four gates. (Simen yuanli 四 门 原理)
- The principle of the elbow fixed .
Some of these principles interpenetrate. A second school of origin, there might be some principles and not others, or some might be included conceptually in others. Probably the best known, widely accepted and used are the first three (central line, simultaneously attack / defense, Cuneo). A closer look
principles are characteristic of this style. These "guidelines" in the practice of Wing Chun have the same value for the accuracy of the techniques. In Wing Chun may exist without non-technical principles.
below shows the principles of Wing Chun
imento
- If the way is clear advances
Advance seats going to target is the basic principle. If the opponent is not well covered in turn by their guard, will soon hit the vital organs.
- If the road is closed "stuck"
opponent If an attacker tries to react should not give him the opportunity to break away and organize a counterattack. So hold fast to him like a glove, do not leave him time to go back and organize themselves, but continue to attack him.
- If the opponent advances, yield
Normally the attacker is physically stronger than his victim, why do you train in Wing Chun to get the better of our superior forces. Chi sao teaches simply "empty" when an attack is too strong, and react by changing its angle and its position relative to the opponent.
- If the opponent retreats follow him
Even if our attack is avoided, it immediately follows another - Chi sao training the reflexes to feel immediately any "hole" in defense of the opponent and to take advantage of it immediately, without hesitation.
Principles of force
- rid of your strength
should be relaxed, not tense, to move with fluidity and react to the actions of their attacker. Assuming that we can not win the battle with the muscles, our own strength must not become an obstacle, but we have to leave your muscles relaxed, to be able to move in a more continuous and fast as possible.
- rid of the strength of the opponent
This is well explained in the third principle of combat. When an attacker tries to use force to gain the upper hand, do not try to oppose with equal force, but should instead go to load the power of those attacks, then use it against him (as the principle of following year).
- the strength of the U.S.
With practice you learn that, by absorbing the force of the adversary, our counter-attack becomes much more powerful, because it encloses its energy in our legs as springs that are compressed; We are then able to return that energy once that these "soft" are released.
- Sum your opponent's strength to strength
addition to the energy stored by the contact with the aggressor, in our shots unload also all the strength we have.
